Arch and analogous structure.



PATENTED JAN. 1, 1907T No. 840,224!I l n.13; LIVITEN.:y

ARGE AND ANALoGoUs STRUCTURE.

.APPLICA-TIGR FILED AUG-23, 1906.

// /Zf/l citizen ofi-the United States, residing UNITED 'STATES PATENTFFQE. 1 Y DANIEL s.. LUTEN, or INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

ARCH Amo ANALoGous STRUCTURE.

l arenas.

.Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 1 190'1 I Application led August 28, 1905. Serial No.275.474.

To all it may concern:

fBe itlmown that I, DANIEL B. LU'rnNI, a

at ndianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana, haveinvented new and' useful Improvements in Arch and Analogous Structures,of which the following is a full, j clear, concise, and exactdescription, refer` ence being had to the accompanying drawingshforminga part of" this specificationhis invention relates to improvements inarch and analogous structures which are icommonly designed to serve asbridges or viaducts Aacross streams, roadways; ravines, &c., and whichare usuallyfconstructed of concrete, stone, brick, mortar, andothermaterials; and Vthe invention has for its general object to providean improved structure 'of the class described for Athis and analogouspurposes characterized by increased stren th and' capacity to resist-vertical and ot er.

strains imposed upon'the arch.

Specific objects contemplated by the and reinforcing means, especiallyfor masonry structures, employing low or flat crowns to resist verticalstrains therein, the reinforcement of abutments. bench-walls, or

bodying my improvements, t e ame .refer-v Ging employed to de'sffnatethe same parts throughout the several views ence characters and inwhich-,-

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional vil-swf,

through an arch equipped with my improvements and having as a featurethereof vertical reinforcing members embedded in .the

' piers or abutments thereof or benchwalls as anchors for the suspensionmembers. Fig. 2 is a view, partly in end elevation and partly incross-section, of the same. -Fig. 3 isa 5o `ferent manner.

view through the center of the `arch and atview similar to Fig.1,"showing a mpdied form of arch covered with an earth nll andreinforced in a similar though somewhat dif- Fig. 4 is a cross-sectionalright anglesto Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a side view 'of a senncireular archwith reinforcing-mem,-

,to draw the up infA vention are theprovision of strengthening bersembedded inthe pavement, and Fig. 6

1s 'a similar view ofa similar arch having an inverted-arch pavementalso reinforced.v

uReferring tothe drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 show a low or lat arch 10,supported on high bench-walls, abutments, or piers 11. Reinforcingmembers in the 'form of beams or posts 12 are embedded upright in thecon- I to the intvrados at the crown 14. These I members or rodspreferably sag slightly, so.

that the least weight upon the rods will tend er ends of the beamstogether to resist t e thrustof the arch. The upper ends of the beamsVand4 the outer ends ofthe rods may be exposed, as shown Aat the leftin-Fig. l, or, as shown at the right, they may be embedded in externalprotectingrlbs 15, of lconcrete or the same material as that of thearch. This the left, or may be vembedded in a pavement 17, as shown atthe right.

Figs. Sand 4 illustrate a 'flat arch supported on light abutmentsorpiers, especially suitable for culverts of short span. The arch orbeam 10a has the inner iiat or straight side 18 and an upper face 19,ywhich may be either straight or curved. Over this upper surface isiilled the earth or gravel of the roadway 20. The iiat top of this archis supported on the end walls or piers orabut ments 11, between thelower ends of which.v

the pavement 17a extends. Because of the slight thrust' in this form ofarch the abutments may be made very light and of suiiiconstruction alsopreferably employs a series'of tie-'rods 16, .connecting the lowerendsof the beams 12 across the arch, which tie-rods may simply' lie acrossthe bed of the stream', as shown at.

cient strength only to support lthe vertical v loads and the pressureof, the earth behind them. Reinforcing members 13a, preferably in thefrm of tension-rods, are embedded ad- 5 jacent the inner' face orintrados of the top 10a and serve to take up the tension induced in thesaid lower side y the imposed load.

Vertical reinforcing members 12m, also preferably in the form of rods,are embedded in l the piers, Walla-or abutments 11a and are located, asshown, near the-inner face to mere e'ectually resistthepressure from theopposite side, andthesemay be anchored to the rods 12#L of the-tplor beotherwise anchored or simply terminate in straight ends. The pavementl17""is slightly dishe-d at the center, and aP set ofvrods 21 and 22 areembedded adjacent Athe inner and outer faces, respectively, and whichmay be suitably anchored at their ends or secured to the uplo right'reinforcing-rods 12a. Such an arch,

' particularly for small spans, has the ladvantage of simple florm,cheapness of construction, and a rectangular Waterway, which givesgreater water area than'in the case of a circular arch. At the rightinvFig. 4 a spandrel-wall 23 is indicated, the same being reinforced bytension members 24 and 25 near the lower and upper edges, respectively.

Fig. 5 illustrates an arch having a pavezo ment 17, with embeddedtension members 16, such as rods, near the upper face, and therefore`near the face in tension.4 These rods are placed as far aparttransversely as may seem desirable, and they may be an- ,2 5 chored inany suitable way or simply embedded in the abutment or hooked around therods passing through the arch-ring.

i .ln Fig. 6 the )avement 17 b is shown dished or inverted-arc shape tobetter withstand 3o the pressure irom below and to assist in su portmgthe weight and loadof the arch. .e nl

l the arch-ring 26 of each of these arches of Figs. 5 and 6 are shownembedded tension members, so Alocated as to resist tensile 35` stressesadjacent the extrados and intrados inthe regionsu where it is liable tooccur. For instance, inFig. 5 the rods -27 (shown in full lines) assnear the intrados at'the crown and near t e extrados at the haunches.The 4o rods 28 are similarly arranged with res )ect to weaving back andforth across the are -ri'ng, 'but lare vinversely or alternatelylocated.- that is, they are high at the crown and low at the haunches.Each of these classes of rods (there being a luralityof rods in eachclass suitably spaced in' .a transverse row) resist tension in thefacesv of the structure near which they pass, which is caused by theloading and earth pressures upon the arch. `At

5o the right in Fi'g. 5 the rods 28 are indicated at 28a as crossin at adifferent place frem other rods 28, this or the purpose of distributingY- the reinforcement to allowfor a variation iny r the regions ofstrain. Another setv of rods, v such a's 29, are high at'u the crown,cross the l' arch, and lowI at the haunches, and again cross lower down'and pass adjacent the outer face of ring o r abutment. In Fig. 6 therods cross invarious ways, as shown, to

yfreietually resist the tensional .strains set up the arch. yIn thisligure the pavement@ rods 16b are so distanced as to better' sustain thetensional strainse-that is, they'are near the linner face `ofthe crownand near` the outer face outl the haunches.

pavement.

Waterway: i

'52. -An arch havin beams set in the abutments. or bench-wa ls, andsuspension-rods -extending between, the up er ends of said 8o beams andpassing throng the arch, substantially. as described.

3. An arch havin beams set in the abutments or bench-wa ls, andsuspension-rods extending between the up er ends of said beams andpassing throng 'the arch near the intrados, substantially as described.

4. An arch having beams set in the abut-' ments or bench-Walls, andsuspension-rods sagged at the middle extending between the 9o upper endsof the beams and passing through and embedded in the arch-rib,substantially as described. y

An arch having beams 'set in the abutments or bench-walls, andsuspension-rods ,95

extending between the u per ends of the --beams and passing near t eintrados of the arch, and an external protecting-rib covering said rodand beams, substantially as de. scribed. Y. -1

6. arch provided with a pavement and having beams set in the'abntmentsor benchwalls, suspension-rods extending between the upper ends of thebeamsa d passingnear the intrados of the arch,' an tie-rodsf assingthrough said pavement and anchered) in the ahutments, substantially asdescribed.

7. -An arch or bridge having thev bed of stream paved `with a reinforcedconcrete i IIO 8. An arch or bridge havingv the bed of stream paved withconcrete'reinforced with members from abutment to -abutment andextending wellinto the abutments.

y9. arch or bridge having the bed of 115 stream paved with concrete withtension members embedded transverse to the course ofthe stream.

10. An arch or, bridge Witha concrete pavement in the bed of the streamand ten- 12o crete pavement in bed. of stream, the rein- 13oy forcingmembers extending into the abutbedded in the bed of the stream fromabutments and connected to other members emment to abutment, and areinforcing memlbedded in the abutments. ber in the abutment transverseto the strut.

'13". In a bridgea vpavement in bed ofv ":lnvyvitness whereof I have herelnzltcv sub-1r 5 5 stream with reinforcing members embedded'scribed'fmy name in the presence ef two Witnear ujer ard loverl suzaces.ness'esf'h v 14. v are or ri ge avng a pavement l in the bed of streamfrom abutment to abutv v l DANIEL B' LUTEN ment', and a tension memberembedded in Witnesses: 1o the abutment.` W. L. LUTEN,

15. An arch or bridgehaving a strut emi RUSSELL T. MACFALL.

